Science and technology

Design a Curriculum: The term curriculum comes from the Latin currier, which means "to run" or "proceed" and refers to the experiences that shape children as they grow to mature adults.  The term curriculum refers to  the academic content or syllabus and lessons taught in a school or educational institution or in a specific course or program . Step 1  Begin the design process by establishing our curriculum principles. The first step of curriculum principles should reflect our school’s values, context, pedagogical approaches, and needs. We should be able to explain the purpose or intent of our curriculum.  Step 2  After clarifying our principles and purpose, we should set out your pupil entitlement. The pupil entitlement should explain how we intend to enrich the curriculum with educational visits, extracurricular activities and specific experiences.  Step 3  We will need to arrange our curriculum content into a range of engaging themes and projects. Make

 Curriculum organization:  Curriculum organization can be defined as it is a process of selecting curriculum elements from the subject, the current social life, and the student experience, then designing the selected curriculum elements appropriately so they can form the curriculum structure and type.  According to Ralph Tyler, essential changes in human behavior are not produced overnight. No learning experience has a very profound influence on the learner. Changes in the way of thinking in fundamental habits, major operating concepts, educational experience in attitudes, in abiding interests and the like develop slowly. It is only after months and years that, we are able to see major educational objectives taking marked concrete shape.  ➢ In short he wanted to say that Changes in human behavior gradually take place. The organization plays an important role in changes. Curriculum content: Curriculum content means the total of what is to be taught in a school system. Curric

Use of Magnetic field technique for seed germination  Seed germination Seed “independent structure” responsible for next generation of plants,  maintaining the germplasm, improving species diversity and production capacity.  Germination involves those processes which initiate with the uptake of water by the inactive dry seed and conclude with the development of the embryonic axis. The most important factors for germination include water, temperature, oxygen, and light.  Need of seed germination technique: Secure food to adopt new technologies 1) Improve grain yield and  2) germination rate by maintaining the crop quality. 3) To reduced amount of pesticides. 4) Low genetic deviation in seeds. Magnetic field (MF): Magnetic Field is the region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.  The area around a magnet, where the force that is capable of magnetizing surrounding body exist is called a magnetic field. Impact of seed germination

DNA-Protein interactions: DNA-Protein interactions play an important role in any living cell. It controls cellular processes such as replication, transcription, recombination, DNA repair. There are many types of proteins found in a cell. Only those proteins interact with DNA, which have the DNA binding domains. These DNA binding domains possess an affinity to bind to double stranded or single stranded DNA. There are mainly two types of DNA-Protein interactions:  1) Sequence specific DNA binding:  In case of sequence specific DNA protein interactions, a DNA binding protein binds to a DNA on a site having a specific nucleotide sequence.  2) Sequence non-specific DNA binding In case of sequence non-specific DNA protein interactions, the DNA binding protein can bind to a DNA in a random position on the DNA. Techniques used for DNA-Protein Interaction: 1) Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay: This technique is based on the observation that Protein–DNA complexes are heavier and migrate more

CoronaVirus(COVID-19) Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan , China, in December 2019. COVID-19 affects different people in different ways.  Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization,it can make some people very ill. More rarely, the disease can be fatal.  Older people , and those with pre- existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes) appear to be more vulnerable. The real threat of coronavirus is that it can be transmitted from person to person. History of CoronaVirus (COVID‐19): COVID-19 likely originated in a “wet market" in Wuhan, China. A wet market refers to a marketplace with vendors selling live animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, fish, and bats. On 31 December 2019

  Plant Genome Editing by CRISPR-Cas System Introduction: The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages and provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas(CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Genome editing is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism. An enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell a change or 'edit' is made to the sequence.Genome editing in plants has been made much easier with the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 system because of its simplicity and versatility. History: CRISPR: An Adaptive Immune System.CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat) sequences were initially discovered in the E. coli genome in 1987, but their function as a safeguard against bacteriophages was not elucidated until 2007.Proto